COVID Vaccines in India – A Medical Milestone: Current and Future Prospects
Keywords:
COVID, vaccine, adenoviral vector, inactivated, immunogenicity, safety
Abstract
At the start of 2021, two COVID vaccines have received approval for emergency use in India. The review of study data available on the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, and understanding their technological development along with rational of their approval, can help in achievement of a more effective vaccination drive. It is important at this stage that apprehensions and concerns on these vaccines are addressed scientifically in a balanced manner to improve vaccination coverage and success. A peek into what the near future holds also points towards India emerging as an effective global player in vaccines.
References
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16. Swell HF, Agius RM, Kendrick D. Covid-19 vaccines: delivering protective immunity. BMJ [internet]. 2020;371:m4838. [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available on: https://www.bmj.com/content/ 371/bmj.m4838
17. Rawat K. Kumari P, Saha L. COVID-19 vaccine: A recent update in pipeline vaccines, their design and development strategies. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 5;892:73751.
2. Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belij- Rammerstorfer S et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2020 Aug 15;396:467–78.
3. Ramasamy MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ, Flaxman AL, Folegatti PM, Owens DR et al. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a primeboost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single- blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 2020;396:1979–93.
4. Voysey M, Clemen SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomized controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet [internet]. Published online 2020 December 8; S0140-6736(20)32661-1. [cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/ article/PIIS0140-6736(20)32661-1/fulltext
5. A Phase 2/3 Observer-Blind Randomized Controlled Study to determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVISHIELD (COVID-19 Vaccine) in healthy Indian adults. CTRI/2020/08/02170. [cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=46186&E ncHid=&userName=covid-19%20vaccine
6. Ella R, Vadrevu KM, Jogdand H, Prasad S, Reddy S, Sarangi V et al. A Phase 1: Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-BBV152. 2020 December 15. Pre-Print. [cited 2021 Jan 6]. Available from: https:// www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.20210419v1
7. Ella R, Reddy S, Jogdand H, Sarangi V, Ganneru B, Prasad S et al. Safety and immunogenicity clinical trial of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152 (a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial) and the persistence of immune responses from a phase 1 follow-up report.2020 December 22. Pre-Print. [cited 2021 Jan 6]. Available from: https://www. medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.20248643v1.full.pdf
8. Das S. Covid-19 vaccine: Bharat Biotech completes recruitment for phase 3 trials [internet]. Business Standard. 2021 January 7. [cited 2021 Jan 8]. Available from: https://www. business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/covid-19-vaccine- bharat-biotech-completes-recruitment-for-phase-3-trials- 121010701171_1.html
9. CDSCO [internet]. New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019. Part II, Sec 3(i) Accelerated Approval Process Page 186. [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available from: https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/ export/sites/CDSCO_WEB/Pdf-documents/NewDrugs_ CTRules_2019.pdf
10. Ahlén G, Frelin L, Nikouyan N, Weber F, Höglund U, Larsson O et al for the OPENCORONA Consortium. 2020. The SARSCoV- 2 N protein is a good component in a vaccine. J Virol [Internet] 94:e01279-20. [cited 2021, Jan 9]. Available from: https://jvi.asm.org/content/94/18/e01279-20
11. Ghosh P. Bharat Biotech vaccine may have some advantage [internet]. Hindustan Times. 2021 January 03. [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available from: https://www.hindustantimes.com/indianews/ bharat-biotech-vaccine-may-have-some-advantagesicmr- chief-on-covaxin-mutant-strain/story-wPtilHX022GmdfxF4tSxaM. html
12. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockart S et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med Dec 2020; 383:2603-15.
13. Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Essink B, Kotloff K, Frey S, Novak R et al. Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. NEJM [internet]. Published online 2021 Dec 30. [cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/ full/10.1056/NEJMoa2035389
14. Sputnik vaccine [internet]. Sputnik V– Second Interim Analysis of clinical trial data. Press Release. 2020 Nov 24. [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available from: https://sputnikvaccine. com/newsroom/pressreleases/second-interim-analysis-ofclinical- trial-data-showed-a-91-4-efficacy-for-the-sputnik-vvaccine- on-d/
15. Reuters [internet]. China gives its first COVID-19 vaccine approval to Sinopharm. Press Release. 2020 Dec 31. [cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/ushealth- coronavirus-vaccine-china/china-gives-its-first-covid- 19-vaccine-approval-to-sinopharm-idUSKBN29505P
16. Swell HF, Agius RM, Kendrick D. Covid-19 vaccines: delivering protective immunity. BMJ [internet]. 2020;371:m4838. [cited 2021 Jan 9]. Available on: https://www.bmj.com/content/ 371/bmj.m4838
17. Rawat K. Kumari P, Saha L. COVID-19 vaccine: A recent update in pipeline vaccines, their design and development strategies. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Feb 5;892:73751.
Published
2021-01-22
How to Cite
Dr. Varsha Narayanan. (2021). COVID Vaccines in India – A Medical Milestone: Current and Future Prospects. The Indian Practitioner, 74(1), 7-11. Retrieved from http://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/1108
Section
Editorial
