Profile of Clinical and Sub Clinical Hypoglycaemia in Term (Small for Gestational Age) Babies and its Correlation with Cord Blood Insulin
Abstract
Early detection of hypoglycemia in infants at risk is of utmost value to prevent the sequelae arising from neonatal hypoglycemia. This is a cohort study and includes infants born at term (gestational age between 37 weeks and 42 weeks) with birth weight of below 10th percentile in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) category, babies who are exclusively breast fed. This study highlights that ‘small for gestational age’ infants are at greater risk of developing hypoglycemia especially in first 24 h of life. In more than half of the cases there were no symptoms even though the blood glucose levels showed hypoglycemia. Irrespective of the symptomatic and asymptomatic, newborns should be screened for blood glucose level within 72 hours which can prevent hypoglycemia which in turn can prevent tissue damage.
References
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14. Anysley, G.A. and Soltesza, G., Disorders of blood glucose homeostasis in the neonate. In Robertson N.R.C., eds.Textbook of Neonatology. London, Churchill, Livingstone, pp 1986; 605-621. Barnes-Powell, L., (2007).
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17. Achoki R, Opiyo N, English M. Mini-review: management of hypoglycaemia in children aged 0–59 months. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56:227–34.
18. Cornblath, M., Odel, G.B., and Levin, E.Y., Symptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia associated with toxaemia in pregnancy. Journal of Peadiatrics, 1959; 55: 545 –562.
19. Ogata ES. Carbohydrate metabolism in the fetus and neonate and altered neonatal glucoregulation. Pediatr Clin north Am 1986; 33: 25.
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2. Rozance PJ, Hay WW. Describing hypoglycaemia-definition or operational threshold? Early Hum Dev 2010; 86:275–80.
3. Troughton KEV, Corrigan NP, Tait RME. Hypostop gel in the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 2000; 82 (suppl 1):A30.
4. Ichord R. Hypoglycaemia in the neonate. Semin Perinatology 2000;24:136-42.
5. Schaefer-Graf UM, Rossi R, Buhrer C, Siebert G, Kjos SL, Dudenhausen JW, et al. Rate and risk factors of hypoglycaemia in large for gestational age newborn infants of nondiabetic mothers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187: 913-17.
6. C.D.Dhananjaya, B.Kiran. Clinical profile of hypoglycaemia in newborn babies in a rural hospital setting. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011; 2(4): 1110 –4.
7. Le Dune, M.A., Intravenous plasma glucose tolerance and plasma insulin studies in small for dates infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1972); 71:365-369.
8. Diwakar KK, Sasidhar MV. Plasma glucose levels in term infants who are appropriate size for gestation and exclusively breast fed. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;87:F46–8.
9. Landon, M.B., Gabbe, S.G., and Peina, R., Neonatal mobility in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus, predictive value of maternal glycaemia profiles. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1987; 156: 1089-1095.
10. Hume, R., and Burchell, A., Abnormal Expression of glucose -6- Phospatase in preterm infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1993; 68: 202-204.
11. Kramer, M. S., Determinants of low birth weight. Methodology and Meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1987; 65: 63 –737.
12. Kitzmiller JL, Cloherty JP, Domma Younger M et al. Diabetic pregnancy and perinatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978, 131:560-580.
13. Singhal P.K, Singh M, Paul V.K, Deodari A.K, Ghorpade M.G, Malhotra A. Neonatal Hypoglycaemia-Clinical profile and glucose requirements. Indian. Pediatrics 1992; 29: 167-71.
14. Anysley, G.A. and Soltesza, G., Disorders of blood glucose homeostasis in the neonate. In Robertson N.R.C., eds.Textbook of Neonatology. London, Churchill, Livingstone, pp 1986; 605-621. Barnes-Powell, L., (2007).
15. Bourchier D, Weston P, Heron P. Hypostop for neonatal hypoglycaemia. N Z Med J1992; 105:22.
16. Wilker RE. Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia. In: John P. Cloherty, Eric C. Eichenwald, Ann R. Stark. (eds): Manual of Neonatal Care. 6th ed. Wolters Kluwer. Philadelphia. 2008. pp 540-49.
17. Achoki R, Opiyo N, English M. Mini-review: management of hypoglycaemia in children aged 0–59 months. J Trop Pediatr 2010; 56:227–34.
18. Cornblath, M., Odel, G.B., and Levin, E.Y., Symptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia associated with toxaemia in pregnancy. Journal of Peadiatrics, 1959; 55: 545 –562.
19. Ogata ES. Carbohydrate metabolism in the fetus and neonate and altered neonatal glucoregulation. Pediatr Clin north Am 1986; 33: 25.
20. Gupte, S., Chowdhary J., and Vani S., Neonatology. In: GupteS (ed); The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, 10th edition, New Delhi, JayPee Brothers. 2004; Pp 614-616.
21. Collins, J.E., Leonard, J.V., Teale, D., Marks, V., Williams, D.M., Kennedy, C.R., and Hall, M.A., Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in small for dates babies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1990; 65: 1118 –1120.
Published
2019-07-24
How to Cite
Dr. Bhawna Singhal, V. Dandge, N.Mujawar. (2019). Profile of Clinical and Sub Clinical Hypoglycaemia in Term (Small for Gestational Age) Babies and its Correlation with Cord Blood Insulin. The Indian Practitioner, 69(8), 11-18. Retrieved from https://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/390
Section
Original Article
