Review of Dietary Approaches to Prevent Diabetes and its Complications

Dr. Harmanjot Kaur, Dr. Roopjot Kochar

Dr. Harmanjot Kaur, Dr. Roopjot Kochar Consultant Nutritionist

Keywords: Physical activity, Type 2 diabetes, complications, functional foods, Mediterranean diet

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is increasing world health problem; particularly the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has assumed epidemic dimensions in Western industrialized societies. It is mainly environmental, dietary and lifestyle behavioral factors that are the leading causative factors in the progress of disease. Several epidemiological studies have linked over nutrition and lack of physical activity with type 2 diabetes. Indeed, the excessive consumption of energy dense foods as source of carbohydrates and fats along with ineffective medical management has negative impact on controlling blood glucose levels. Functional foods contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A regular consumption of functional foods may be associated with increased anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin sensitivity and anti-cholesterol functions, which are considered integral to prevent and manage T2DM In order to successfully manage diabetes, medicinal and nutritional interventions are supposed to go hand in hand. Therefore, dietary agents should be given more emphasis for the prevention and/or management of diabetes related complication. Diets rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, moderate alcohol consumption and lower in refined
grains, red or processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages have been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and improve glycaemic control and blood lipids in patients with diabetes.

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