Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes: Armour in making
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have become common accompaniments with resultant increase in morbidity and mortality. Obesity by its causation of insulin resistance leads to increased risk of T2DM. Dietary modification and lifestyle changes fail to maintain weight loss and glycaemic control in the longer term. Bariatric surgery by virtue of substantial and sustained reduction of weight is increasingly proving to be an effective therapy to deal with the rising trend of complications arising out of these dual disorders. Bariatric surgeries result in higher rates of short and long-term diabetes remission. Improvement in insulin action, betacell function and hormonal interplay in the entero-insular axis seem to play major role. Our current article will provide an overview
of effectiveness of bariatric surgeries and the proposed mechanisms.
References
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2. Osborn O, Olefsky JM. The cellular and signaling networks linking the immune system and metabolism in disease. Nat Med. 2012;18:363-74.
3. Padwal RS, Pajewski NM, Allison DB, Sharma AM. Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity. CMAJ. 2011;183:E1059-66.
4. Wing RR, Bolin P, Brancati FL et al. Look AHEAD Research Group. Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369: 145-54.
5. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115(12):956- 61
6. Kasama K, Mui W, Lee WJ, et al. IFSO-APC consensus statements 2011.Obes Surg. 2012;22(5):677-84
7. Sjostrom L, Narbro K, Sjostrom CD et al. Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357: 741-52
8. Sjostrom L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA. 2012;307: 56- 65.
9. Sjostrom L, Gummesson A, Sjostrom CD et al. Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:653-62
10. Paik KY, Kim W, Song KH et al. The preliminary clinical experience with laparoscopic duodenojejunal by pass for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in nonmorbidly obese patients: the 1-year result in a single institute. SurgEndosc. 2012;26(11):3287-92
11. Kashyap SR, Gatmaitan P, Brethauer S, Schauer P. Bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes: weighing the impact for obese patients. Cleve Clin J Med 2010;77:468-76
12. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2009. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:13-61
13. Kumar Kota S, Ugale S, Gupta N, et al. Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Ileal Interposition with Sleeve gastrectomy. Int J EndcrinolMetab. 2011;9(3):374-81
14. Koehestanie P, de Jonge C, Berends FJ et al. The effect of the endoscopic duodenal-jejunal bypass liner on obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2014; 260(6):984-92
15. Buchwald H, Oien DM. Metabolic/bariatric surgery worldwide. 2011. Obes Surg. 2013;23:427-36
16. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA. 2004;292(14):1724-37
17. Yaghoubian A, Tolan A, Stabile BE et al. Laparoscopic Rouxen- Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy achieve comparable weight loss at 1 year. Am Surg. 2012;78(12): 1325-8
18. Angrisani L, Lorenzo M, Borrelli V. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 5-year results of a prospective randomized trial. SurgObesRelat Dis 2007;3(2):127-32. discussion 132-3
19. Helmio M, Victorzon M, Ovaska Jet al. Comparison of shortterm outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity: A prospective randomized controlled multicenter SLEEVEPASS study with 6-month follow-up. Scand J Surg. 2013;1-7
20. Pories WJ, Swanson MS, MacDonald KG et al. Who would have thought it? An operation proves to be the most effective therapy for adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg. 1995;222:339-50
21. Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K et al. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Med. 2009;122:248-56
22. Tice JA, Karliner L, Walsh J et al. Gastric banding or bypass? A systematic review comparing the two most popular bariatric procedures. Am J Med 2008;121:885-93
23. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP et al. the STAMPEDE Investigators. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes - 3-Year outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(21):2002-13
24. Iaconelli A, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A et al. Effects of biliopancreatic diversion on diabetic complications: a 10-year follow-up. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(3):561-7
25. Ikramuddin S, Korner J, Lee WJ et al. Roux–en–Y gastric bypassvs intensive medical management for the control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: The diabetes surgery study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309: 2240-9
26. Dixon JB, O’Brien PE,Playfair J et al. Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299:316-23
27. Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J et al. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta- analysis. 2003-2012. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(3):275-87
28. O’Brien PE, Dixon JB, Laurie C et al.Treatment of mild to moderate obesity with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding or an intensive medical program: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(9):625-33
29. Serrot FJ, Dorman RB, Miller CJ et al. Comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgery and nonsurgical therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index <35 kg/ m2. Surgery. 2011;150(4):684-91
30. Lee WJ, Hur KY, Lakadawala M et al. Gastrointestinal metabolic surgery for the treatment of diabetic patients: a multi-institutional international study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012;16(1):45-51
31. Cohen RV, Pinheiro JC, Schiavon CA et al. Effects of gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and only mild obesity. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(7):1420-8
32. Kota SK, Ugale S, Gupta Net al.Ileal Interposition with Sleeve Gastrectomy for Treatment of type 2 Diabetes. Indian J EndocrinolMetab. 2012;16:589-98
33. Kota SK, Ugale S, Gupta N, Modi KD. Laparoscopic Ileal Interposition with Diverted Sleeve Gastrectomy for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diab Met Syndr: Clin Res Rev. 2012;6:125-31
34. Astiarraga B, Gastaldelli A, Muscelli E et al. Biliopancreatic diversion in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes: impact and mechanisms. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. 2013;98(7):2765-73
35. Scopinaro N, Adami GF, Papadia FS et al.Effects of biliopanceratic diversion on type 2 diabetes in patients with BMI 25 to 35. Ann Surg. 2011;253:699-703
36. Fried M, Ribaric G, Buchwald JN et al. Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with BMI <35 kg/m2: an integrative review of early studies. Obes Surg. 2010;20:776-90
37. Li Q, Chen L, Yang Z et al. Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetic patients with body mass index < 35 kg/m2. Diabetes ObesMetab. 2012;14(3):262-70
38. Reis CE, Alvarez-Leite JI, Bressan J, Alfenas RC. Role of bariatric- metabolic surgery in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes with body mass index <35 kg/m2: a literature review. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2012;14:365-72
39. Maggard-Gibbons M, Maglione M, Livhits M et al. Bariatric surgery for weight loss and glycemic control in nonmorbidly obese adults with diabetes: a systematic review. JAMA. 2013;309(21):2250-61.
40. Cummings DE, Overduin J, Foster-Schubert KE. Gastric bypass for obesity: mechanisms of weight loss and diabetes resolution. J ClinEndocrinolMetab. 2004;89:2608-15
41. Brethauer SA, Heneghan HM, Eldar S et al. Early effects of gastric bypass on endothelial function, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in obese patients. SurgEndosc.
2011;25(8):2650-9
42. Bose M, Olivan B, Teixeira J et al. Do Incretins play a role in the remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery: What are the evidence? Obes Surg. 2009;19: 217-29
43. Nauck MA, Heimesaat MM, Orskov C et al. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7–36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:301-7
44. Knop FK. Resolution of type 2 diabetes following gastric bypass surgery. involvement of gut-derived glucagon and glucagonotropic signalling? Diabetologia. 2009;52:2270-6
45. Jorde R, Burhol PG, Johnson JA. The effect of jejunoileal bypass on postprandial release of plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). Scand J Gastroenterol. 1981;16: 313-19
46. Guidone C, Manco M, Valera-Mora E et al. Mechanisms of recovery from type 2 diabetes after malabsorptive bariatric surgery. Diabetes. 2006;55:2025-31.
47. Karra E, Yousseif A, Batterham RL. Mechanisms facilitating weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery. Trends EndocrinolMetab. 2010;21:337-44.
48. Naslund E, Kral JG. Impact of gastric bypass surgery on gut hormones and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55:S92-7.
49. Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1623-30
50. Rao RS, Yanagisawa R, Kini S. Insulin resistance and bariatric surgery. Obes Rev. 2012;13(4):316-28
51. Murphy KG, Bloom SR. Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasis. Nature. 2006;444(7121):854-9
52. Drucker DJ. The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:24-32
53. Mumphrey MB, Patterson LM, Zheng H, Berthoud HR. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery increases number but not density of CCK-, GLP-1-, 5-HT-, and neurotensin expressing enteroendocrine cells in rats. NeurogastroenterolMotil. 2013;25:e70-9
54. Sinclair EM, Drucker DJ. Proglucagon-derived peptides: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Physiology. (Bethesda) 2005;20:357-65
55. Suzuki K, Simpson KA, Minnion JS et al. The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocr J. 2010;57:359-72
56. Rubino F, Schauer PR, Kaplan LM, Cummings DE. Metabolic surgery to treat type 2 diabetes: clinical outcomes and mechanisms of action. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:393-411
57. Papamargaritis D, Miras AD, Le Roux CW. Influence of diabetes surgery on gut hormones and incretins. Nutr Hosp. 2013; 28(2):95-103
58. Baynes KC, Dhillo WS, Bloom SR. Regulation of food intake by gastrointestinal hormones. CurrOpinGastroenterol. 2006;22:626-31
59. Andreelli F, Amouyal C, Magnan C, Mithieux G. What can bariatric surgery teach us about the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Metab. 2009;35: 499-507
60. Ballantyne GH. Peptide YY: (1–36) and Peptide YY (3–36): Part II. Changes after Gastrointestinal Surgery and Bariatric Surgery: Part I: Distribution, Release and Action appeared in the last issue. Obes Surg. 2006;16:795-803
61. Morinigo R,Moize V, Musri M et al. Glucagon-like peptide- 1, peptide YY, hunger, and satiety after gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects. J ClinEndocrinolMetab.
2006;91:1735-40
62. Bojsen-Moller KN, Dirksen C, Jorgensen NB et al. Early enhancements of hepatic and later of peripheral insulin sensitivity combined with increased postprandial insulin secretion contribute to improved glycemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Diabetes. 2014;63:1725-37
63. Lim EL, Hollingsworth KG, Aribisala BSet al. Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol. Diabetologia. 2011;54: 2506-14
64. Campos GM, Rabl C, Peeva S et al. Improvement in peripheral glucose uptake after gastric bypass surgery is observed only after substantial weight loss has occurred and correlates with the magnitude of weight lost. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14:15-23
65. Camastra S, Gastaldelli A, Mari A et al. Early and longer term effects of gastric bypass surgery on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in morbidly obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2011;54(8): 2093-102
66. Mari A, Manco M, Guidone C et al. Restoration of normal glucose tolerance in severely obese patients after biliopancreatic diversion: role of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. Diabetologia. 2006;49(9): 2136-43
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Published
2019-08-07
How to Cite
Dr Sunil Kumar Kota, Naik D B, Modi KD, Dalwadi P. (2019). Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes: Armour in making. The Indian Practitioner, 68(11), 37-45. Retrieved from https://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/533
Section
Case Reports
