Nasal Congestion: A Clinical Review of a Common Entity
Abstract
Nasal congestion is a common symptom in rhinitis (both allergic and nonallergic), rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Congestion can also be caused by physical obstruction of nasal passages and/or modulation of sensory perception. Mucosal inflammation underlies many of the specific and interrelated factors that contribute to nasal congestion, as well as other symptoms of both allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. A thorough clinical examination is important to diagnose the underlying cause of nasal congestion. Treatment is mainly directed towards correction of the underlying pathology. Symptomatic relief can be achieved through systemic and/or topical decongestants, though they should be judiciously use for a short period of time.
References
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12. Sarin S, Undem B, Sanico A, Togias A. The role of the nervous system in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118(5):999–1016.
13. Eccles R. Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003; 3(3):210–214.
14. Warwick-Brown NP, Marks NJ. Turbinate surgery: how effective is it? A long-term assessment. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1987; 49(6):314–320.
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17. Passali D, Bellussi LM, Gregori D, Lauriello M, Passali FM, Passali GC; Gip Stop Study Group. Nasal obstruction as a key symptom in allergic rhinitis: efficacy and safety of a medical device in children. Otolaryngol Pol. 2012 Jul-Aug; 66(4):249-53.
18. Morris S, Eccles R, Martez SJ, et al. An evaluation of nasal response following different treatment regimes of oxymetazoline with references to rebound congestion. Am J Rhinol 1997; 11:109-15.
19. Lockey RF. Rhinitis Medicamentosa and the stuffy nose. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:1017-8.
20. Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16:148-55.
21. Graf P. Rhinitis Medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment. Treat Respir Med 2005; 4:21-9.
22. Krouse J, Lund V, Fokkens W, Meltzer EO. Diagnostic strategies in nasal congestion. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Apr 8; 3:59-67.
23. Garavello W, Romagnoli M, Sordi I, et al. Hypersaline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14: 140-3.
24. Rabago D, Pasic T, Zgierska A, et al. The efficacy of hypersaline nasal irrigation for chronic sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 133:3-8. 9
2. Mortuaire G, de Gabory L, François M, Massé G, Bloch F Brion N, Jankowski R, Serrano E. Rebound congestion and rhinitis medicamentosa: nasal decongestants in clinical practice. Critical review of the literature by a medical panel. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2013 Jun;130(3):137- 44.
3. Storms W. Allergic rhinitis-induced nasal congestion: its impact on sleep quality. Prim Care Respir J. 2008 Mar;17(1):7- 18.
4. Naclerio RM, Bachert C, Baraniuk JN. Pathophysiology of nasal congestion. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Apr 8; 3:47-57.
5. Corey JP, Houser SM, Ng BA. Nasal congestion: a review of its etiology, evaluation, and treatment. Ear Nose Throat J. 2000; 79(9):690–698.
6. Staevska MT, Baraniuk JN. Differential diagnosis of persistent nonallergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis syndromes. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2007; 19:35–53.
7. Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006; 16(3):148–155.
8. Graf P. Rhinitis medicamentosa: aspects of pathophysiology and treatment. Allergy. 1997; 52 (40 Suppl):28–34.
9. Wallace DV, Dykewicz, Bernstein DI, et al. for the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameter for Allergy and Immunology. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 122 (Suppl 2):S1–S84.
10. Farmer SE, Eccles R. Chronic inferior turbinate enlargement and the implications for surgical intervention. Rhinology. 2006; 44(4):234–238.
11. Wright ED, Pearl AJ, Manoukian JJ. Laterally hypertrophic adenoids as a contributing factor in otitis media. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 45(3):207–214.
12. Sarin S, Undem B, Sanico A, Togias A. The role of the nervous system in rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006; 118(5):999–1016.
13. Eccles R. Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003; 3(3):210–214.
14. Warwick-Brown NP, Marks NJ. Turbinate surgery: how effective is it? A long-term assessment. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1987; 49(6):314–320.
15. Moore GF, Freeman TJ, Ogren FP, Yonkers AJ. Extended follow-up of total inferior turbinate resection for relief of chronic nasal obstruction. Laryngoscope. 1985; 95(9 Pt 1):1095–1099.
16. Enberg RN. Perennial nonallergic rhinitis: a retrospective review. Ann Allergy. 1989; 63(6 Pt 1):513–516.
17. Passali D, Bellussi LM, Gregori D, Lauriello M, Passali FM, Passali GC; Gip Stop Study Group. Nasal obstruction as a key symptom in allergic rhinitis: efficacy and safety of a medical device in children. Otolaryngol Pol. 2012 Jul-Aug; 66(4):249-53.
18. Morris S, Eccles R, Martez SJ, et al. An evaluation of nasal response following different treatment regimes of oxymetazoline with references to rebound congestion. Am J Rhinol 1997; 11:109-15.
19. Lockey RF. Rhinitis Medicamentosa and the stuffy nose. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:1017-8.
20. Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF. Rhinitis medicamentosa. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16:148-55.
21. Graf P. Rhinitis Medicamentosa: a review of causes and treatment. Treat Respir Med 2005; 4:21-9.
22. Krouse J, Lund V, Fokkens W, Meltzer EO. Diagnostic strategies in nasal congestion. Int J Gen Med. 2010 Apr 8; 3:59-67.
23. Garavello W, Romagnoli M, Sordi I, et al. Hypersaline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003; 14: 140-3.
24. Rabago D, Pasic T, Zgierska A, et al. The efficacy of hypersaline nasal irrigation for chronic sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 133:3-8. 9
Published
2019-08-19
How to Cite
Moulick N D, Shah K D, Lohiya T A. (2019). Nasal Congestion: A Clinical Review of a Common Entity. The Indian Practitioner, 68(5), 59-63. Retrieved from https://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/623
Section
Review article
