Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Abstract
The most important function of the kidney is to excrete end products of nitrogen breakdown and maintain volume and composition of body
fluids. Loss of these functions with chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to several complications like hypertension and volume overload, azotemia,
acidosis, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia. At advanced stages of CKD, malnutrition becomes an important complication. All these complications can be significantly minimised by dietary modification. Hence, dietary modification is extremely important in management of patients with CKD. Because of different dietary habits and different complications of CKD in different patients, diet must be individualized. There is nothing like a CKD diet. In this article, we provide principles and practice of dietary modification.
References
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2. Bakris GL, Weir MR. Salt intake and reductions in arterial pressure and proteinuria: Is there a direct link? J Hypertension. 1996; 9: 200s-206s
3. Brenner BM, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH: Dietary pro-tein intake and progressive nature of kidney disease: The role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in pathogenesis of progressive glomerulosclerosis in aging, renal ablation and intrinsic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1982; 307: 652-659
4. Klahr, S, Levey, AS, Beck, GJ, et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:877- 84
5. Levey AS, Adler S, Greene T et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progressionof moderate renal disease in the MDRD study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996; 7: 2616-26
6. Pedrini MT, Levey AS, Lau J etal. The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of diabetic and nondiabetic renal diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann InternMed. 1996; 124(7): 627-32.
7. Singhai P, Patel Z, Shah N, Shah B. Effect of dietary protein restriction on Indian subjects with CKD. Presented at the annual meeting of Indian society of Nephrology. 2009
8. Walser M, LaFrance N, Ward L et al. Progression of chronic renal failure in patients given ketoacids following amino acids. Kidney International. 1987; 32, 123–128;
9. Prakash S, Pande D, Sharma S. et al: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of ketodiet in predialysis chronic renal failure. Journal of renal nutrition. 2004;14: 89-96,
10. Waghmare v, Rajput P, Iyengar A, Patel Z, Shah B. Efficacy and safety of ketoaminoacid supplemented very low protein diet (svlpd) in advanced chronic kidney disease (ckd). Presented at the annual meeting of Indian Society of Nephrology – West Zone, 2005
11. Shah B, Patel Z, Shah M. Body nass index of Indian subjects with chronic kidney disease. Presented at the annual meeting of Indian Society of Nephrology – West Zone, 2011.
12. Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD)* study group: Nutritional status of patients with different levels of chronic renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 1989;36, Suppl. 27, s184 - s194.
13. Monteon FJ, Laidlaw SJ, Shaib JK, et al: Energy expenditure in patients with CRF. Kidney Int. 1986; 7: 2646-53
14. Beheray S.S., Shah B.V.: Dietary protein intake in Indian patients with chronic renal failure, Indian J Nephrology. new series 1996; 6: 19-21,.
15. Patel Z, Bhattacharjee LI, Shah BV: The Role of Dietary Protein Restriction in Indian Patients with Chronic Renal Failure, JAPI. 2000; 48:1078-1081, 16. Kwan BC, Kronenberg F, Beddhu S, Cheung AK.
Lipoprotein metabolism and lipid management in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007; 18:1246
2. Bakris GL, Weir MR. Salt intake and reductions in arterial pressure and proteinuria: Is there a direct link? J Hypertension. 1996; 9: 200s-206s
3. Brenner BM, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH: Dietary pro-tein intake and progressive nature of kidney disease: The role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in pathogenesis of progressive glomerulosclerosis in aging, renal ablation and intrinsic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1982; 307: 652-659
4. Klahr, S, Levey, AS, Beck, GJ, et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:877- 84
5. Levey AS, Adler S, Greene T et al. Effect of dietary protein restriction on the progressionof moderate renal disease in the MDRD study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996; 7: 2616-26
6. Pedrini MT, Levey AS, Lau J etal. The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of diabetic and nondiabetic renal diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann InternMed. 1996; 124(7): 627-32.
7. Singhai P, Patel Z, Shah N, Shah B. Effect of dietary protein restriction on Indian subjects with CKD. Presented at the annual meeting of Indian society of Nephrology. 2009
8. Walser M, LaFrance N, Ward L et al. Progression of chronic renal failure in patients given ketoacids following amino acids. Kidney International. 1987; 32, 123–128;
9. Prakash S, Pande D, Sharma S. et al: Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of ketodiet in predialysis chronic renal failure. Journal of renal nutrition. 2004;14: 89-96,
10. Waghmare v, Rajput P, Iyengar A, Patel Z, Shah B. Efficacy and safety of ketoaminoacid supplemented very low protein diet (svlpd) in advanced chronic kidney disease (ckd). Presented at the annual meeting of Indian Society of Nephrology – West Zone, 2005
11. Shah B, Patel Z, Shah M. Body nass index of Indian subjects with chronic kidney disease. Presented at the annual meeting of Indian Society of Nephrology – West Zone, 2011.
12. Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD)* study group: Nutritional status of patients with different levels of chronic renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 1989;36, Suppl. 27, s184 - s194.
13. Monteon FJ, Laidlaw SJ, Shaib JK, et al: Energy expenditure in patients with CRF. Kidney Int. 1986; 7: 2646-53
14. Beheray S.S., Shah B.V.: Dietary protein intake in Indian patients with chronic renal failure, Indian J Nephrology. new series 1996; 6: 19-21,.
15. Patel Z, Bhattacharjee LI, Shah BV: The Role of Dietary Protein Restriction in Indian Patients with Chronic Renal Failure, JAPI. 2000; 48:1078-1081, 16. Kwan BC, Kronenberg F, Beddhu S, Cheung AK.
Lipoprotein metabolism and lipid management in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007; 18:1246
Published
2019-09-11
How to Cite
Shah B V, Rajput P, Ms. Patel Z. (2019). Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The Indian Practitioner, 67(7), 428-432. Retrieved from https://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/781
Section
Review article
