The Novel Corona Virus / COVID-19 – An Update
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Abstract
There is a new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence of the novel corona virus-19 or COVID-19 in Wuhan, China and its subsequent global spread. It is believed to have originated in bats and transmitted to humans through yet unknown intermediary animals. The disease is transmitted through
inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the usual incubation period is 5 days (range 2-14 days). The symptoms are mild in most people but 15-20% of patients (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) may suffer from severe disease. The case fatality rate is estimated to range between 2-3%. Diagnosis is by specific molecular tests in respiratory samples. Treatment is essentially supportive. The role of antiviral agents is being explored. Prevention is by strict contact and droplet precautions in hospitals for suspected and confirmed cases. Home isolation of patients with mild illnesses is recommended.
Keywords
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pneumonia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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2. Ayittey FK, Ayittey MK, Chiwero NB, Kamasah JS, Dzuvor C. Economic Impacts of Wuhan 2019-nCoV on China and the World. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.25706. Coronavirus Outbreak. Aavailable at https://www.worldometers.info/ coronavirus/. Accessed on February 16,2020.
3. Coronavirus Outbreak. Available at https://www.worldom eters.info/coronavirus/. Accessed on March 10,2020.
4. World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019- nCoV) Situation Report–22. Available at https://www. who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/ 20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2. Accessed on February 16, 2020.
5. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat Microbiol.2020;10.1038/ s41564-020-0695-z.
6. Chan-Yeung M, Xu RH. SARS: epidemiology. Respirology. 2003;8 Suppl:S9–S14.
7. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/. Accessed on February 16, 2020.
8. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
9. World Health Organization. Situation reports. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-corona virus-2019/situation-reports/. Accessed on February 16, 2020.
10. An update on the epidemiologic characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Special Expert Group for Control of the Epidemic of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing XueZaZhi. 2020;41(2):139–144.
11. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
12. Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents. J Hosp Infect. 2020;S0195-6701(20)30046- 3. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022
13. Wax RS, Christian MD. Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patient. Can J Anaesth. 2020;10.1007/ s12630-020-01591-x.
14. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, et al Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet (2020). doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30360-3.
16. Zhang, C Wang, CC Gao. Neonatal coronavirus expert confirmed at 30 hours of birth: vertical transmission from mother to infant. Available at:http://www.cnr.cn/hubei/ yuanchuang/20200205/t20200205_524961963.shtml (Feb 5, 2020), Accessed 10th Feb 2020
17. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020;10.7326/M20-0504.
18. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
19. Wang D, Ju XL, Xie F, et al. Clinical Analysis of 31 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children From Six Provinces (Autonomous Region) of Northern China. ZhonghuaErKeZaZhi. 2020;58(4):E011.
20. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention JAMA. 2020;10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
21. Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Mil Med Res. 2020;7(1):4.
22. Lippi G, Plebani M. Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. ClinChem Lab Med. 2020;/j/cclm. ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0198/cclm-2020-0198.xml.
23. Huang P, Liu T, Huang L, et al. Use of Chest CT in Combination with Negative RT-PCR Assay for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus but High Clinical Suspicion. Radiology. 2020;200330.
24. Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. Lancet. 2020;395[10223]:473–475.
25. Zhao JP, Hu Y, Du RH, et al. Expert Consensus on the Use of Corticosteroid in Patients With 2019-nCoV Pneumonia. ZhonghuaJie He He Hu Xi ZaZhi. 2020;43[0]:E007.
26. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507–513.
27. Holshue ML, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, et al. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020;10.1056/NEJMoa2001191.
28. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systemic Review. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.25707.
29. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Infection prevention and control. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/ diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection- prevention-and-control. Accessed on Feb 20,2020.
30. Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020;S0195- 6701(20)30101-8.
Published
2020-04-06
How to Cite
Dr Tanu Singhal. (2020). The Novel Corona Virus / COVID-19 – An Update. The Indian Practitioner, 73(3), 19-34. Retrieved from https://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/951
Section
Special Article
